A DCT-based Mod4 steganographic method

Authors:
KokSheik Wong;Xiaojun Qi;Kiyoshi Tanaka
Affiliations:
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan;Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, 84322 Logan, Utah, USA;Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
Venue:
Signal Processing
Year:
2007

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Abstract

This paper presents a novel Mod4 steganographic method in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. Mod4 is a blind steganographic method. A group of 2x2 spatially adjacent quantized DCT coefficients (GQC) is selected as the valid message carrier. The modulus 4 arithmetic operation is then applied to the valid GQC to embed a pair of bits. When modification is required for data embedding, the shortest route modification scheme is applied to reduce distortion as compared to the ordinary direct modification scheme. Mod4 is capable in embedding information into both uncompressed and JPEG-compressed image. To compare Mod4 with other existing methods, carrier capacity, stego image quality, and results of blind steganalysis for 500 various images are shown. Visual comparison of three additional metrics is also presented to show the relative performance of Mod4 among other existing methods.