GMRES: a generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear systems
SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Deformable models for laparoscopic surgery simulation
COMPUGRAPHICS '96 Proceedings of the fifth international conference on computational graphics and visualization techniques on Visualization and graphics on the World Wide Web
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An electromechanical based deformable model for soft tissue simulation
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Soft tissue deformation with reaction-diffusion process for surgery simulation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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A virtual reality real-time simulation of surgical operations has been developed using the boundary element (BE) method. Other numerical techniques and related approaches to real-time modelling of deformable objects are briefly reviewed. The challenges raised by a key application - the simulation of neurosurgery - are identified. A brief review of the BE method is presented followed by a description of its implementation for three basic actions of prodding, pinching and cutting deformable objects. An initial implementation of these techniques is described in which haptic and visual feedbacks are generated when these operations are carried out on simple deformable objects.