TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
Modeling TCP Reno performance: a simple model and its empirical validation
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Formal specification and verification of safety and performance of TCP selective acknowledgment
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An integrated model for the latency and steady-state throughput of TCP connections
Performance Evaluation
Modeling the throughput of TCP Vegas
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Comparative study of various TCP versions over a wireless link with correlated losses
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analytic models for the latency and steady-state throughput of TCP tahoe, Reno, and SACK
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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Fast retransmission and recovery are the two most important mechanisms employed by TCP to timely recover lost packets and efficiently improve performance. This paper presents a mathematical model to systematically analyze the characteristics of fast retransmission and recovery in TCP-SACK, while multiple packet losses in a congestion window are possible. One of the significant observations revealed by this paper is that whether or not the lost packets can be fast retransmitted at the (y+1)-th RTT (Round-Trip Time) round simply depends on N"r[y], representing the number of packets following the first lost packet and those packets have successfully arrived at the receiver at the y-th RTT round. For clarification, the analytical model consists of two cases. The first case assumes that N"r[y] is greater than or equal to a threshold k (the number of duplicate acknowledgments), while the second case investigates the behavior when N"r[y] is smaller than the threshold k. In the proposed theorems, we show that there is an upper bound in the number of packet losses, above which TCP-SACK may not be able to recover the lost packets successfully. Additionally, we develop a model to study the throughput degradation resulting from multiple packet losses in TCP windows. The analytical results of throughput degradation are verified through OPNET simulation.