Tolerating noisy, irrelevant and novel attributes in instance-based learning algorithms
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Special issue: symbolic problem solving in noisy and novel task environments
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
EuroCOLT '95 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computational Learning Theory
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Multi-View Face Alignment Using Direct Appearance Models
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Emotional states control for on-line game avatars
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
A real-time facial expression recognition system for online games
International Journal of Computer Games Technology - Joint International Conference on Cyber Games and Interactive Entertainment 2006
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The Multiplayer Online Game (MOG) becomes more popular than any other types of computer games for its collaboration, communication and interaction ability. However, compared with the ordinary human communication, the MOG still has many limitations, especially in communication using facial expressions. Although detailed facial animation has already been achieved in a number of MOGs, players have to use text commands to control avatars expressions. In this paper, we briefly review the state of the art in facial expression recognition and propose an automatic expression recognition system that can be integrated into a MOG to control the avatar's facial expressions. We evaluate and improve a number of algorithms to meet the specific requirements of such a system and propose an efficient implementation. In particular, our proposed system uses fixed and less facial landmarks to reduce the computational load with little degradation of the recognition performance.