A Rule Based Approach for Visual Pattern Inspection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Inspection of Printed Circuit Boards by Connectivity Preserving Shrinking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automated inspection of printed circuit boards through machine vision
Computers in Industry
Automatic PCB inspection algorithms: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multiresolution techniques in image processing
Multiresolution techniques in image processing
Segmentation of printed circuit board images into basic patterns
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Fast adaptive wavelet packet image compression
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Homogeneous pin-through-hole component inspection using fringe tracking
WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing
An eigenvalue-based similarity measure and its application in defect detection
Image and Vision Computing
Material classification for printed circuit boards by kernel fisher discriminant analysis
CCIW'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Computational color imaging
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One of the backbones in electronic manufacturing industry is the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. Due to the human limited resources and speed requirements, manual inspection is ineffective to inspect every printed circuit board. Hence, this paper presents an efficient algorithm for an automated visual PCB inspection system that detects and locates any defect found on PCBs. The detection mechanism utilizes the wavelet-based image difference algorithm. In order to locate the defective areas, the coarse resolution defect localization algorithm is proposed which is applied to the coarse resolution of the differenced image. This algorithm will then map the defective areas found in the coarse differenced image to the fine resolution of the tested image. Based on experimental results, the proposed method has achieved a reduction up to 82.11% of the computation time in comparison to the traditional image difference operation without sacrificing the accuracy of the defect detection . This tremendous amount of saving has been made possible by the use of Haar wavelet transform. Consequently, such amount of reduction will benefit the industries as the automatic inspection for each PCB can now be realized at high speed.