On error analysis for surface normals determined by photometric stereo
Signal Processing
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Inverting an illumination model from range and intensity maps
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Appying Shape from Lighting Variation to Bump Map Capture
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques '97
On Optimal Light Configurations in Photometric Stereo
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
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Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Error Analysis of Surface Normals Determined by Radiometry
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Consolidation of unorganized point clouds for surface reconstruction
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Technical Section: Orienting unorganized points for surface reconstruction
Computers and Graphics
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Although the three light photometric stereo technique has been used in many applications, there is little published work concerned with characterizing the uncertainty of these systems due to the involvement of a number of complicating factors. This paper presents a methodology used to analyze the uncertainty of the recovered unit surface normal with respect to irradiance variance. Illumination configurations and the values of the composite albedo are found to directly affect the stability of the photometric stereo technique. An orthogonally distributed illumination arrangement is proven to be the theoretically optimal configuration. Further practical considerations are also identified. The derived general uncertainty expression can be easily employed to optimize the location of the light sources. Hence, the work is of significance for the development of practical industrial applications of photometric stereo, including metrology, reverse engineering and various surface inspection tasks.