Communication systems engineering
Communication systems engineering
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Optimizing Sensor Networks in the Energy-Latency-Density Design Space
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile ad-hoc Networks
HICSS '01 Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences ( HICSS-34)-Volume 9 - Volume 9
Conserving Transmission Power in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols
Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Multihop Performance
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Energy and Latency Performance
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Communications Magazine
A power-aware layering optimization scheme for wireless sensor network
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
Efficient geographic routeless routing protocols with enhanced location update mechanism
International Journal of Sensor Networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Geographic forwarding is an emerging paradigm for communications between nodes in sensor networks. No exchange of location information is required, and nodes only have to know their own coordinates and those of the destination. Due to the device's limited processing and storage capabilities, a simplified protocol architecture should be designed so as to make communications in these networks efficient and simple at the same time. Moreover, sensor nodes are battery supplied and, thus, protocol design should be aimed at reducing energy consumption in order to increase network lifetime. In this perspective, one sensor feature recently regarded as of key importance, is the ability to tune the transmission power. This allows the communication range to be varied according to node density and connectivity constraints. In this paper we propose an integrated cross-layer protocol, called MACRO, which integrates MAC and routing layer functionalities in order to support geographic forwarding in wireless sensor networks. In MACRO, a competition is triggered to select the best next relay node while forwarding information to the destination. The competition is based on the evaluation of a weighted progress factor representing the progress towards the destination per unit of transmission power. An analytical paradigm facilitating the most appropriate choice of the next relay is proposed. The proposed solution is assessed through both analysis and ns-2 simulations. Performance results show the advantages of the proposed solution when compared to other geographic forwarding protocols which do not exploit cross-layer features.