The packer filter: an efficient mechanism for user-level network code
SOSP '87 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM Symposium on Operating systems principles
Improving IPC by kernel design
SOSP '93 Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Implementing network protocols at user level
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
User-space protocols deliver high performance to applications on a low-cost Gb/s LAN
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
U-Net: a user-level network interface for parallel and distributed computing
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Exokernel: an operating system architecture for application-level resource management
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Communications of the ACM
Lazy receiver processing (LRP): a network subsystem architecture for server systems
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
DPF: fast, flexible message demultiplexing using dynamic code generation
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Analysis of techniques to improve protocol processing latency
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Speeding up protocols for small messages
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
The performance of μ-kernel-based systems
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
IO-lite: a unified I/O buffering and caching system
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Resource containers: a new facility for resource management in server systems
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
EROS: a fast capability system
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Soft timers: efficient microsecond software timer support for network processing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Fail-stop processors: an approach to designing fault-tolerant computing systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
StackGuard: automatic adaptive detection and prevention of buffer-overflow attacks
SSYM'98 Proceedings of the 7th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 7
Performance analysis and comparison of interrupt-handling schemes in gigabit networks
Computer Communications
A communication mechanism for resource isolation
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Isolation and Integration in Embedded Systems
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Traditionally, operating systems have used monolithic network stack implementations: implementations where the whole network stack executes in the kernel or (in microkernels) in a single, trusted, user level server. Code maintenance issues, ease of debugging, need for simultaneous existence of multiple protocols, and security benefit have argued for removing the networking implementation from kernel and dividing it into multiple user level protection domains. Previous attempts to do so have failed to deliver adequate performance. Given the advances made in both hardware (CPU, Memory, NIC) and micro-kernel design over the last decade, it is now appropriate to re-evaluate how these re-factored implementations perform, and to examine the reasons for earlier failures in greater detail. Building on the primitives of the EROS microkernel, we have implemented two network subsystems: one a conventional, user mode, monolithic design and the other a domain-factored user level networking stack that restructures the network subsystem into several protection domains. We show that the restructuring maintains performance very close to that of the monolithic design, and that both designs compare favorably to a conventional in-kernel implementation. We discuss the issues faced in engineering the domain-factored implementation to achieve high performance, and present the quantitative evaluation of the resulting network subsystems.