Efficient software-based fault isolation
SOSP '93 Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Virtualizing I/O Devices on VMware Workstation's Hosted Virtual Machine Monitor
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A recursive virtual machine architecture
Proceedings of the workshop on virtual computer systems
A user-mode port of the linux kernel
ALS'00 Proceedings of the 4th annual Linux Showcase & Conference - Volume 4
Fast networking with socket-outsourcing in hosted virtual machine environments
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
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A user-level operating system (OS) can be implemented as a regular user process on top of another host operating system. Conventional user-level OSes, such as User Mode Linux, view the underlying host operating system as a specific hard-ware architecture. Therefore, the implementation of a user-level OS often requires porting of an existing kernel to a new hardware architecture. This paper proposes a new implementation method of user-level OSes by using partial emulation of hard-ware and static rewriting of machine instructions. In this method, privileged instructions and their related non-privileged instructions in a native operating system are statically translated into subroutine calls that perform emulation. The translated instructions of the user-level OS are executed by both the real CPU and the partial emulator. This method does not require detailed knowledge about kernel internals. By using the proposed method, NetBSD and FreeBSD are executed as user processes on NetBSD and Linux.