The design and analysis of graphical passwords

  • Authors:
  • Ian Jermyn;Alain Mayer;Fabian Monrose;Michael K. Reiter;Aviel D. Rubin

  • Affiliations:
  • New York University;Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies;Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies;Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies;AT&T Labs-Research

  • Venue:
  • SSYM'99 Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8
  • Year:
  • 1999

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Abstract

In this paper we propose and evaluate new graphical password schemes that exploit features of graphical input displays to achieve better security than text-based passwords. Graphical input devices enable the user to decouple the position of inputs from the temporal order in which those inputs occur, and we show that this decoupling can be used to generate password schemes with substantially larger (memorable) password spaces. In order to evaluate the security of one of our schemes, we devise a novel way to capture a subset of the "memorable" passwords that, we believe, is itself a contribution. In this work we are primarily motivated by devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) that offer graphical input capabilities via a stylus, and we describe our prototype implementation of one of our password schemes on such a PDA, namely the Palm PilotTM.