Evaluation of Critical Infrastructures: Challenges and Viable Approaches
Architecting Dependable Systems V
Modelling interdependencies between the electricity and information infrastructures
SAFECOMP'07 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
Model-based assessment of multi-region electric power systems showing heterogeneous characteristics
SAFECOMP'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security
Artificial Life
Stochastic assessment of power systems in presence of heterogeneity
International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems
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We introduce a stochastic model that describes the quasistatic dynamics of an electric transmission network under perturbations introduced by random load fluctuations, random removing of system components from service, random repair times for the failed components, and random response times to implement optimal system corrections for removing line overloads in a damaged or stressed transmission network. We use a linear approximation to the network flow equations and apply linear programming techniques that optimize the dispatching of generators and loads in order to eliminate the network overloads associated with a damaged system. We also provide a simple model for the operator's response to various contingency events that is not always optimal due to either failure of the state estimation system or due to the incorrect subjective assessment of the severity associated with these events. This further allows us to use a game theoretic framework for casting the optimization of the operator's response into the choice of the optimal strategy which minimizes the operating cost. We use a simple strategy space which is the degree of tolerance to line overloads and which is an automatic control (optimization) parameter that can be adjusted to trade off automatic load shed without propagating cascades versus reduced load shed and an increased risk of propagating cascades. The tolerance parameter is chosen to describes a smooth transition from a risk averse to a risk taken strategy. We present numerical results comparing the responses of two power grid systems to optimization approaches with different factors of risk and select the best blackout controlling parameter.