Retrieving spoken documents by combining multiple index sources
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Open-vocabulary speech indexing for voice and video mail retrieval
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
An overview of audio information retrieval
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on audio and multimedia
Direct posterior confidence for out-of-vocabulary spoken term detection
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
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The goal of the video mail retrieval (VMR) project is to integrate state-of-the-art document retrieval methods with speech recognition to yield a robust and efficient retrieval system. The work presented extends VMR towards an open-vocabulary, talker-independent system for retrieving spontaneously-spoken audio and video messages. We present results showing successful retrieval using a standard large-vocabulary (LV) recogniser, despite the lack of a matched language model and vocabulary. We further show that integrating a LV recogniser with conventional word spotting (WS) gives more robust retrieval performance than either method alone. This paper gives details of the message archive used, the speech recognition methodologies, the information retrieval methods, and experimental results.