Reduced-rank chip-level MMSE equalization for the 3G CDMA forward link with code-multiplexed pilot
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
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We explore the channel estimation problem in the case of quasi-synchronous users in a DS-CDMA system. Knowledge of the transmit (TX) filter is assumed, and the anti-aliasing low-pass front end receive (RX) filter is designed for critical sampling at the Nyquist rate for the TX filter. It is shown that when the sampling frequency is larger than the Nyquist frequency, the discrete-time representation of the channel is not unique. However, all representations can be treated in a similar fashion once the Nyquist rate is satisfied. On the other hand, fractionally sampling the channel leads to a scenario in which the cut-off frequency can be approached arbitrarily close to the Nyquist rate. In the case of sparse channels, sampling the channel at any rate lends to a small number of non-zero coefficients in the finite-impulse response(FIR) representation of the channel. The structured channel estimation algorithm presented in this paper exploits the sparseness of this model. Results are compared with those of other previously proposed structured methods.