2007 Special Issue: Predictive uncertainty in environmental modelling

  • Authors:
  • Gavin C. Cawley;Gareth J. Janacek;Malcolm R. Haylock;Stephen R. Dorling

  • Affiliations:
  • School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom

  • Venue:
  • Neural Networks
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Artificial neural networks have proved an attractive approach to non-linear regression problems arising in environmental modelling, such as statistical downscaling, short-term forecasting of atmospheric pollutant concentrations and rainfall run-off modelling. However, environmental datasets are frequently very noisy and characterized by a noise process that may be heteroscedastic (having input dependent variance) and/or non-Gaussian. The aim of this paper is to review existing methodologies for estimating predictive uncertainty in such situations and, more importantly, to illustrate how a model of the predictive distribution may be exploited in assessing the possible impacts of climate change and to improve current decision making processes. The results of the WCCI-2006 predictive uncertainty in environmental modelling challenge are also reviewed, suggesting a number of areas where further research may provide significant benefits.