Proactive public key and signature systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
The "Ticket" Concept for Copy Control Based on Embedded Signalling
ESORICS '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security
Collusion-Secure Fingerprinting for Digital Data (Extended Abstract)
CRYPTO '95 Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
A Secure, Robust Watermark for Multimedia
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding
Aspects of Digital Rights Management and the Use of Hardware Security Devices
FC '01 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Securing the AES Finalists Against Power Analysis Attacks
FSE '00 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
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Conditional access (CA) systems manage chargeable content (e.g., movies). Traditional CA systems use a smartcard as a cryptographic component that decrypts broadcast content for authorized recipients. Since that approach protects content by protecting cryptographic keys, it has two inherent weaknesses: It relies on the smartcard to protect universal secrets (i.e., the broadcast keys); and it cannot protect content from redistribution. This paper describes a noncryptographic conditional access system, where instead of protecting content directly, the content's identity is inserted as a watermark in the content and the CA smartcard is used as a licensing authority to authorize the display device to display watermarked content. This approach places a lower security burden on individual smartcards, and protects against the use of redistributed content.