ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Efficient and timely mutual authentication
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
A digital signature scheme secure against adaptive chosen-message attacks
SIAM Journal on Computing - Special issue on cryptography
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Lower bounds on messages and rounds for network authentication protocols
CCS '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Security Mechanisms in High-Level Network Protocols
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
Timestamps in key distribution protocols
Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers
Communications of the ACM
Requirements for network payment: the NetCheque perspective
COMPCON '95 Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Computer Society International Conference
SuperWeb: Towards a Global Web-Based Parallel Computing Infrastructure
IPPS '97 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Parallel Processing
Offline Micropayments without Trusted Hardware
FC '01 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Financial Cryptography
WebSOS: an overlay-based system for protecting web servers from denial of service attacks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Web security
Chrg-http: a tool for micropayments on the world wide web
SSYM'96 Proceedings of the 6th conference on USENIX Security Symposium, Focusing on Applications of Cryptography - Volume 6
WebSOS: an overlay-based system for protecting web servers from denial of service attacks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Web security
Multi-agent-based Pay-Per-Use (PpU) distributed manufacturing
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
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Micropayments refer to low-value financial transactions ranging from several pennies to a few dollars. A big portion of electronic commerce occurring in the Internet belong to the category of micropayments. The cost of micropayments should be kept as low as possible in order for the service provider (the merchant) to profit from the low-value transactions. We propose several protocols for micropayments in distributed systems. Our main goal is to reduce the charging cost by choosing a suitable security model, a charging model, and cryptographic algorithms; and by employing the properties unique to the information goods. Our protocols satisfy the requirements of a payment system and are "cheap" in terms of computation costs, communication costs, and key management costs. We select the debit model for designing our protocols and base our protocols on the private key cryptosystems. We show that the existing authentication protocols and systems can be extended to handle micropayments in distributed systems. We also present possible extensions to our protocols.