The Farsite project: a retrospective
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - Systems work at Microsoft Research
A transparently-scalable metadata service for the Ursa Minor storage system
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Scale and concurrency of GIGA+: file system directories with millions of files
FAST'11 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and stroage technologies
Surviving congestion in geo-distributed storage systems
USENIX ATC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
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We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a fully distributed directory service for Farsite, a logically centralized file system that is physically implemented on a loosely coupled network of desktop computers. Prior to this work, the Farsite system included distributed mechanisms for file content but centralized mechanisms for file metadata. Our distributed directory service introduces tree-structured file identifiers that support dynamically partitioning metadata at arbitrary granularity, recursive path leases for scalably maintaining name-space consistency, and a protocol for consistently performing operations on files managed by separate machines. It also mitigates metadata hotspots via file-field leases and the new mechanism of disjunctive leases. We experimentally show that Farsite can dynamically partition filesystem metadata while maintaining full file-system semantics.