Iterative decoding of binary block and convolutional codes
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Zigzag codes and concatenated zigzag codes
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Analysis and design of interleavers for iterative multiuser receivers in coded CDMA systems
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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Concatenated zigzag codes with iterative decoding show excellent performance close to the performance of turbo codes while having significantly lower decoding complexity. A strong code is built by concatenation of several weak high rate codes which encode differently interleaved versions of the data sequence. The need for multiple interleavers implies a new problem in interleaver design: Multiple interleavers have to be constructed which allow good performance in iterative decoding and are mutually random. Furthermore, for practical reasons, they should be constructed either from a simple equation or by simple permutations of a common mother interleaver in order to minimize the required memory for storage of the permutation pattern. We propose two simple methods for interleaver construction which meet those requirements. Our first proposal is to obtain multiple interleavers by cyclic shifts and self-interleaving from a common mother interleaver. The second proposal uses modified read out processes in intermediate steps during construction of the UMTS turbo code internal interleaver. Particularly the proposed cyclic shifted interleavers are shown to provide superior performance with zigzag codes compared to other interleaving schemes such as congruential interleavers.