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Meeting the future computing needs of the scientific community will likely require the development of petascale computing environments based on the integration of significant numbers of processors into large-scale clusters, and the (possibly heterogeneous) aggregation of multiple clusters for use by individual and/or synchronized applications. Despite the best of efforts, such complex systems dictate that applications must expect to encounter failures of their computing resources and/or networks during the course of execution.The Open Run-Time Environment (OpenRTE) has been designed to support high-performance computing applications in such environments. Gaining acceptance by the user community requires that OpenRTE not only meet basic functional requirements, but must also provide users with (a) a transparent interface that avoids the need to customize applications when moving between specific computing and/or communication resources; (b) effective strategies that can be selected at run-time for dealing with faults; (c) transparent support for inter-process communication, resource discovery and allocation, and process launch across a variety of platforms; and (d) the ability to launch their applications remotely from their desktop, disconnect from them, and reconnect at a later time to monitor progress.This paper provides an updated description of OpenRTE and discusses its relation to the current grid protocols. In addition, we introduce the concept of resilient computing--a next-generation approach to fault tolerance--and describe how OpenRTE will utilize this concept in the future.