Technique for automated recognition of sunspots on full-disk solar images

Authors:
S. Zharkov;V. Zharkova;S. Ipson;A. Benkhalil
Affiliations:
Department of Cybernetics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK;Department of Cybernetics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK;Department of Cybernetics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK;Department of Cybernetics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
Venue:
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Year:
2005

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Abstract

A new robust technique is presented for automated identification of sunspots on full-disk white-light (WL) solar images obtained from SOHO/MDI instrument and Ca II K1 line images from the Meudon Observatory. Edge-detection methods are applied to find sunspot candidates followed by local thresholding using statistical properties of the region around sunspots. Possible initial oversegmentation of images is remedied with a median filter. The features are smoothed by using morphological closing operations and filled by applying watershed, followed by dilation operator to define regions of interest containing sunspots. A number of physical and geometrical parameters of detected sunspot features are extracted and stored in a relational database along with umbra-penumbra information in the form of pixel run-length data within a bounding rectangle. The detection results reveal very good agreement with the manual synoptic maps and a very high correlation (96%) with those produced manually by NOAA Observatory, USA.