Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
State-of-the-art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks
WUWNet '06 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks
On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel
WUWNet '06 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks
Low spreading loss in underwater acoustic networks reduces RTS/CTS effectiveness
Proceedings of the Sixth ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks
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Spatial frequency reuse is considered for large area coverage in bandwidth-limited underwater acoustic networks. The acoustic propagation laws -- namely, the dependence of the path loss on both the distance and the frequency -- lead to a set of constraints that the frequency reuse number N and the cell radius R must satisfy in order to constitute a valid solution for the network topology. For a required signal-to-interference ratio SIR0, and per-user bandwidth W0, the region of admissible solutions (R,N) depends on the desired user density ρ and the available bandwidth B. User capacity is defined as the maximal density ρmax that can be supported within a given bandwidth, and it is derived analytically. Numerical results illustrate the fact that capacity-achieving architectures are characterized by N that grows with ρmax. In a practical system, the bandwidth may be traded off for a smaller reuse number. The capacity is also shown to increase as the operational bandwidth is moved to higher frequencies. Although higher frequencies demand greater transmission power to span the same distance, they also imply a reduction in the cell size, which in turn provides an overall reduction in the transmission power. While complex relationships are involved in system optimization, the analysis presented offers a relatively simple tool for the design of autonomous underwater systems based on cellular network architectures.