Data compression using dynamic Markov modelling
The Computer Journal
Text compression
Elements of information theory
Elements of information theory
Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Batch and on-line parameter estimation of Gaussian mixtures based on the joint entropy
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
Learning variable-length Markov models of behavior
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
Real-Time Fingertip Tracking and Gesture Recognition
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Contour Tracking by Stochastic Propagation of Conditional Density
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
Visual Tracking of High DOF Articulated Structures: an Application to Human Hand Tracking
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the Third European Conference-Volume II on Computer Vision - Volume II
Modeling the constraints of human hand motion
HUMO '00 Proceedings of the Workshop on Human Motion (HUMO'00)
Capturing Human Hand Motion in Image Sequences
MOTION '02 Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion and Video Computing
Tolerance of Temporal Delay in Virtual Environments
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Design of a linguistic postprocessor using variable memory length Markov models
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
Wormholes in Shape Space: Tracking through Discontinuous Changes in Shape
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
A Mixed-State Condensation Tracker with Automatic Model-Switching
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Skin Color-Based Video Segmentation under Time-Varying Illumination
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real time hand tracking by combining particle filtering and mean shift
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Virtual 3-D interface system via hand motion recognition from two cameras
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Review: The use of pervasive sensing for behaviour profiling - a survey
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Real-time activity classification using ambient and wearable sensors
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on body sensor networks
3D articulated hand tracking based on behavioral model
Transactions on Edutainment VIII
Gravity optimised particle filter for hand tracking
Pattern Recognition
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We present a novel approach for visual tracking of structured behaviour as observed in human-computer interaction. An automatically acquired variable-length Markov model is used to represent the high-level structure and temporal ordering of gestures. Continuous estimation of hand posture is handled by combining the model with annealed particle filtering. The stochastic simulation updates and automatically switches between different model representations of hand posture that correspond to distinct gestures. The implementation executes in real time and demonstrates significant improvement in robustness over comparable methods. We provide a measurement of user performance when our method is applied to a Fitts' law drag-and-drop task, and an analysis of the effects of latency that it introduces.