Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Bivariate shrinkage functions for wavelet-based denoising exploiting interscale dependency
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Robust watermarking using pixel-wise masking in the wavelet domain proves to be quite robust against common signal processing. However, because embedding is made only in the highest resolution level, the watermark information can be easily erased by a potential attacker. In this paper, we propose a modified perceptual mask that models the human visual system behavior in a better way. The texture content is appreciated with the local standard deviation of the original image, which is further compressed in the wavelet domain. Since the approximation image of the coarsest level contains too little information, we appreciate the luminance content using a higher resolution level approximation subimage. Embedding is made in all the detail subbands except the coarsest level, for attack resilience; we propose three types of detectors that take advantage of the wavelet hierarchical decomposition. Tests were made for different attacks (JPEG compression, median filtering, resizing, cropping, gamma correction and blurring), that prove the effectiveness of the new pixel-wise mask in comparison with the previous system.