MPEG: a video compression standard for multimedia applications
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on digital multimedia systems
Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures
Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures
Algorithms, Complexity Analysis and VLSI Architectures for MPEG-4 Motion Estimation
Algorithms, Complexity Analysis and VLSI Architectures for MPEG-4 Motion Estimation
A new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A novel unrestricted center-biased diamond search algorithm for block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Simplex minimization for single- and multiple-reference motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Hexagon-based search pattern for fast block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Highly efficient predictive zonal algorithms for fast block-matching motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A novel cross-diamond search algorithm for fast block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
An effective variable block-size early termination algorithm for H.264 video coding
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control
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A new fast algorithm for block-based motion estimation, the flexible triangle search (FTS) algorithm, is presented. The algorithm is based on the simplex method of optimization adapted to an integer grid. The proposed algorithm is highly flexible due to its ability to quickly change its search direction and to move towards the target of the search criterion. It is also capable of increasing or decreasing its search step size to allow coarser or finer search. Unlike other fast search algorithms, the FTS can escape from inferior local minima and thus converge to better solutions. The FTS was implemented as part of the H.264 encoder and was compared with several other block matching algorithms. The results obtained show that the FTS can reduce the number of block matching comparisons by around 30-60% with negligible effect on the image quality and compression ratio.