Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
Error-Control Convolutional Coding
Error-Control Convolutional Coding
Content-Based Digital Signature for Motion Pictures Authentication and Content-Fragile Watermarking
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
Circularly symmetric watermark embedding in 2-D DFT domain
ICASSP '99 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06
A new decoder for the optimum recovery of nonadditive watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
MPEG-7 visual shape descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Robust Object-Based Watermarking Using Feature Matching
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
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An object-based video authentication system, which combines watermarking, error correction coding (ECC), and digital signature techniques, is presented for protecting the authenticity between video objects and their associated backgrounds. In this system, a set of angular radial transformation (ART) coefficients is selected as the feature to represent the video object and the background, respectively. ECC and cryptographic hashing are applied to those selected coefficients to generate the robust authentication watermark. This content-based, semifragile watermark is then embedded into the objects frame by frame before MPEG4 coding. In watermark embedding and extraction, groups of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients are randomly selected, and their energy relationships are employed to hide and extract the watermark. The experimental results demonstrate that our system is robust to MPEG4 compression, object segmentation errors, and some common object-based video processing such as object translation, rotation, and scaling while securely preventing malicious object modifications. The proposed solution can be further incorporated into public key infrastructure (PKI).