Number of Faults per Line of Code

  • Authors:
  • M. Lipow

  • Affiliations:
  • TRW Electronics and Defense Sector

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
  • Year:
  • 1982

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Abstract

In this note, the number of faults or "bugs" per line of code is estimated based upon Halstead's software science relationships. This number is shown to be an increasing function of the number of lines of code in a program, a result in agreement with intuition and some current theories of complexity. The form of this function is investigated and an easy-to-use approximation is developed. An application to a moderately large software project is shown in which the predicted number of faults for program modules of various sizes agrees fairly well with the actual numbers of faults discovered.