Object Recognition as Machine Translation: Learning a Lexicon for a Fixed Image Vocabulary
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures by a Statistical Modeling Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic multimedia cross-modal correlation discovery
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Effective automatic image annotation via a coherent language model and active learning
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Image annotations by combining multiple evidence & wordNet
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Correlated Label Propagation with Application to Multi-label Learning
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
An adaptive graph model for automatic image annotation
MIR '06 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Image annotation refinement using random walk with restarts
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Multiple Bernoulli relevance models for image and video annotation
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
CBSA: content-based soft annotation for multimodal image retrieval using Bayes point machines
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Context-based multi-label image annotation
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Generalized Relevance Models for Automatic Image Annotation
PCM '09 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
MAP-based image tag recommendation using a visual folksonomy
Pattern Recognition Letters
Discovering phrase-level lexicon for image annotation
PCM'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing: Part I
Automatic Image Annotation Based on Generalized Relevance Models
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Tag recommendation for georeferenced photos
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Social Networks
The effectiveness of image features based on fractal image coding for image annotation
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A feature-word-topic model for image annotation and retrieval
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
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Automatic image annotation is crucial for keyword-based image retrieval because it can be used to improve the textual description of images. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for image annotation, which contains two kinds of learning processes and incorporates three kinds of relations among images and keywords. In addition, we propose some improvements on its components, i.e. a reinforced image-to-image relation; a combined word-to-word relation; and a progressive learning method. Experiments on the Corel dataset demonstrate their effectiveness. We also show that many existing image annotation algorithms can be formulated into this framework and present an experimental comparison among these algorithms to evaluate their performance comprehensively.