Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
EUROCRYPT'97 Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Coin-based anonymous fingerprinting
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Rational dither modulation: a high-rate data-hiding method invariant to gain attacks
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Amplitude Scale Estimation for Quantization-Based Watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Performance analysis of ST-DM watermarking in presence of nonadditive attacks
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A buyer-seller watermarking protocol
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Fingerprinting protocol for images based on additive homomorphic property
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An efficient buyer-seller watermarking protocol based on composite signal representation
Proceedings of the 11th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Semi-blind Fingerprinting Utilizing Ordinary Existing Watermarking Techniques
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Encrypted domain DCT based on homomorphic cryptosystems
EURASIP Journal on Information Security - Special issue on enhancing privacy protection in multimedia systems
Bandwidth efficient asymmetric fingerprinting based on one-out-of-two oblivious transfer
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
On the implementation of spread spectrum fingerprinting in asymmetric cryptographic protocol
EURASIP Journal on Information Security
Robust watermarking of compressed JPEG images in encrypted domain
Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security VI
Distributed multicast of fingerprinted content based on a rational peer-to-peer community
Computer Communications
An asymmetric fingerprinting code for collusion-resistant buyer-seller watermarking
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security
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Fingerprinting is an essential tool to shun legal buyers of digital content from illegal redistribution. In fingerprinting schemes, the merchant embeds the buyer's identity as a watermark into the content so that the merchant can retrieve the buyer's identity when he encounters a redistributed copy. To prevent the merchant from dishonestly embedding the buyer's identity multiple times, it is essential for the fingerprinting scheme to be anonymous. Kuribayashi and Tanaka, 2005, proposed an anonymous fingerprinting scheme based on a homomorphic additive encryption scheme, which uses basic quantization index modulation (QIM) for embedding. In order, for this scheme, to provide sufficient security to the merchant, the buyer must be unable to remove the fingerprint without significantly degrading the purchased digital content. Unfortunately, QIM watermarks can be removed by simple attacks like amplitude scaling. Furthermore, the embedding positions can be retrieved by a single buyer, allowing for a locally targeted attack. In this paper, we use robust watermarking techniques within the anonymous fingerprinting approach proposed by Kuribayashi and Tanaka. We show that the properties of an additive homomorphic cryptosystem allow for creating anonymous fingerprinting schemes based on distortion compensated QIM (DC-QIM) and rational dither modulation (RDM), improving the robustness of the embedded fingerprints. We evaluate the performance of the proposed anonymous fingerprinting schemes under additive-noise and amplitude-scaling attacks.