The Bit Security of Paillier's Encryption Scheme and Its Applications
EUROCRYPT '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
Multiparty Computation from Threshold Homomorphic Encryption
EUROCRYPT '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
PKC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography: Public Key Cryptography
Anonymous fingerprinting with robust QIM watermarking techniques
EURASIP Journal on Information Security
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SFCS '82 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Protection and retrieval of encrypted multimedia content: when cryptography meets signal processing
EURASIP Journal on Information Security
Editorial: Signal processing in the encrypted domain
EURASIP Journal on Information Security
Efficient pointwise and blockwise encrypted operations
Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
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Proceedings of the forty-first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
On the implementation of the discrete Fourier transform in the encrypted domain
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
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EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
On private scalar product computation for privacy-preserving data mining
ICISC'04 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Security and Cryptology
Integer DCTs and fast algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A buyer-seller watermarking protocol
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Fingerprinting protocol for images based on additive homomorphic property
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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PCM'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing: Part I
IH'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Hiding
An efficient image homomorphic encryption scheme with small ciphertext expansion
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia
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Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
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Signal processing in the encrypted domain (s.p.e.d.) appears an elegant solution in application scenarios, where valuable signals must be protected from a possibly malicious processing device. In this paper, we consider the application of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to images encrypted by using an appropriate homomorphic cryptosystem. An s.p.e.d. 1-dimensional DCT is obtained by defining a convenient signal model and is extended to the 2-dimensional case by using separable processing of rows and columns. The bounds imposed by the cryptosystem on the size of the DCT and the arithmetic precision are derived, considering both the direct DCT algorithm and its fast version. Particular attention is given to block-based DCT (BDCT), with emphasis on the possibility of lowering the computational burden by parallel application of the s.p.e.d. DCT to different image blocks. The application of the s.p.e.d. 2D-DCT and 2D-BDCT to 8-bit greyscale images is analyzed; whereas a case study demonstrates the feasibility of the s.p.e.d. DCT in a practical scenario.