The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue on metacomputing
On network-aware clustering of Web clients
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
A Precise and Efficient Evaluation of the Proximity Between Web Clients and Their Local DNS Servers
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Constructing internet coordinate system based on delay measurement
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Virtual landmarks for the internet
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Client Clustering for Traffic and Location Estimation
ICDCS '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'04)
Scalable Cooperative Latency Estimation
ICPADS '04 Proceedings of the Parallel and Distributed Systems, Tenth International Conference
Vivaldi: a decentralized network coordinate system
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Low Latency Probabilistic Broadcast in Wide Area Networks
SRDS '04 Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Latency-Driven Replica Placement
SAINT '05 Proceedings of the The 2005 Symposium on Applications and the Internet
A network positioning system for the internet
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
On the accuracy of embeddings for internet coordinate systems
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Designing a DHT for low latency and high throughput
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
NPS: a non-interfering deployable web perfectching system
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Supporting network coordinates on PlanetLab
WORLDS'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Real, Large Distributed Systems - Volume 2
Internet routing policies and round-trip-times
PAM'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement
Distributed algorithms for stable and secure network coordinates
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
P2P Networking and Applications
P2P Networking and Applications
On the Impact of Clustering on Measurement Reduction
NETWORKING '09 Proceedings of the 8th International IFIP-TC 6 Networking Conference
Zero-Day Reconciliation of BitTorrent Users with Their ISPs
Euro-Par '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
A survey of DHT security techniques
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Dynamic landmark triangles: A simple and efficient mechanism for inter-host latency estimation
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Joint Server Selection and Routing for Geo-replicated Services
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
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We present the implementation of a large-scale latency estimation system based on GNP and incorporated into the Google content delivery network. Our implementation employs standard features of contemporary Web clients, and carefully controls the overhead incurred by latency measurements using a scalable centralized scheduler. It also requires only a small number of CDN modifications, which makes it attractive for any CDN interested in large-scale latency estimation. We investigate the issue of coordinate stability over time and show that coordinates drift away from their initial values with time, so that 25% of node coordinates become inaccurate by more than 33ms after one week. However, daily re-computations make 75% of the coordinates stay within 6ms of their initial values. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using coordinates to decide on client-to-replica re-direction leads to selecting replicas closest in term of measured latency in 86% of all cases. In another 10% of all cases, clients are re-directed to replicas offering latencies that are at most two times longer than optimal. Finally, collecting a huge volume of latency data and using clustering techniques enable us to estimate latencies between globally distributed Internet hosts that have not participated in our measurements at all. The results are sufficiently promising that Google may offer a public interface to the latency estimates in the future.