Managing gigabytes (2nd ed.): compressing and indexing documents and images
Managing gigabytes (2nd ed.): compressing and indexing documents and images
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation
Complex answers: a case study using a WWW question answering system
Natural Language Engineering
Discovery of inference rules for question-answering
Natural Language Engineering
Experiments with open-domain textual Question Answering
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Toward semantics-based answer pinpointing
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Is it the right answer?: exploiting web redundancy for Answer Validation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
COGEX: a logic prover for question answering
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Extending knowledge and deepening linguistic processing for the question answering system insicht
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
Term translation validation by retrieving bi-terms
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
The DIOGENE question answering system at CLEF-2004
CLEF'04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: multilingual Information Access for Text, Speech and Images
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The huge quantity of available electronic information leads to a growing need for users to have tools able to be precise and selective. These kinds of tools have to provide answers to requests quite rapidly without requiring the user to explore each document, to reformulate her request or to seek for the answer inside documents. From that viewpoint, finding an answer consists not only in finding relevant documents but also in extracting relevant parts. This leads us to express the question-answering problem in terms of an information retrieval problem that can be solved using natural language processing (NLP) approaches. In my talk, I will focus on defining what a "good" answer is, and how a system can find it. A good answer has to give the required piece of information. However, it is not sufficient; it also has both to be presented within its context of interpretation and to be justified in order to give a user means to evaluate if the answer fits her needs and is appropriate. One can view searching an answer to a question as a reformulation problem: according to what is asked, find one of the different linguistic expressions of the answer in all candidate sentences. Within this framework, interlingual question-answering can also be seen as another kind of linguistic variation. The answer phrasing can be considered as an affirmative reformulation of the question, partly or totally, which entails the definition of models that match with sentences containing the answer. According to the different approaches, the kinds of model and the matching criteria greatly differ. It can consist in building a structured representation that makes explicit the semantic relations between the concepts of the question and that is compared to a similar representation of sentences. As this approach requires a syntactic parser and a semantic knowledge base, which are not always available in all the languages, systems often apply a less formal approach based on a similarity measure between a passage and the question and answers are extracted from highest scored passages. Similarity involves different criteria: question terms and their linguistic variations in passages, syntactic proximity, answer type. We will see that, in such an approach, justifications can be envisioned by using text themselves, considered as depositories of semantic knowledge. I will focus on the approach the LIR group of LIMSI has taken for its monolingual and bilingual systems.