Congestion avoidance and control
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
Observing TCP dynamics in real networks
SIGCOMM '92 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures & protocols
Probability, stochastic processes, and queueing theory: the mathematics of computer performance modeling
Simulation-based comparisons of Tahoe, Reno and SACK TCP
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
The performance of TCP/IP for networks with high bandwidth-delay products and random loss
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
A stochastic model of TCP/IP with stationary random losses
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Performance evaluation and comparison of Westwood+, New Reno, and Vegas TCP congestion control
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Analysis of AIMD protocols over paths with variable delay
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Modeling TCP is fundamental for understanding Internet behavior. The reason is that TCP is responsible for carrying a huge quota of the Internet traffic. During last decade many analytical models have attempted to capture dynamics and steady-state behavior of standard TCP congestion control algorithms. In particular, models proposed in literature have been mainly focused on finding relationships among the throughput achieved by a TCP flow, the segment loss probability, and the round trip time (RTT) of the connection, which the flow goes through. Recently, Westwood+ TCP algorithm has been proposed to improve the performance of classic New Reno TCP, especially over paths characterized by high bandwidth-delay products. In this paper, we develop an analytic model for the throughput achieved by Westwood+ TCP congestion control algorithm when in the presence of paths with time-varying RTT. The proposed model has been validated by using the ns-2 simulator and Internet-like scenarios. Validation results have shown that this model provides relative prediction errors smaller than 10%. Moreover, it has been shown that a similar accuracy is achieved by analogous models proposed for New Reno TCP.