A practical divide-and-conquer algorithm for the rectangle intersection problem
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A packing problem with applications to lettering of maps
SCG '91 Proceedings of the seventh annual symposium on Computational geometry
The STARLIGHT information visualization system
Readings in information visualization
Excentric labeling: dynamic neighborhood labeling for data visualization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Label placement by maximum independent set in rectangles
WADS '97 Selected papers presented at the international workshop on Algorithms and data structure
Point labeling with sliding labels
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications - Special issue on applications and challenges
On the Edge Label Placement Problem
GD '96 Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing
The Sort/Sweep Algorithm: A New Method for R-tree Based Spatial Joins
SSDBM '00 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management
Automated cartographic text placement
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: In memoriam Azriel Rosenfeld
Dynamic Visualization of Graphs with Extended Labels
INFOVIS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A greedy randomized adaptive search procedure for the point-feature cartographic label placement
Computers & Geosciences
Label number maximization in the slider model
GD'04 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Graph Drawing
Adaptive zooming in point set labeling
FCT'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Fundamentals of Computation Theory
Metrics for functional and aesthetic label layouts
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
A zone-based approach for placing annotation labels on metro maps
SG'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Smart graphics
Consistent labeling of rotating maps
WADS'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Algorithms and data structures
Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Applications
EuroVis'09 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Annotating 3D content in interactive, virtual worlds
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
Spatially efficient design of annotated metro maps
EuroVis '13 Proceedings of the 15th Eurographics Conference on Visualization
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This paper describes a fast approach to automatic point label de-confliction on interactive maps. The general Map Labeling problem is NP-hard and has been the subject of much study for decades. Computerized maps have introduced interactive zooming and panning, which has intensified the problem. Providing dynamic labels for such maps typically requires a time-consuming pre-processing phase. In the realm of visual analytics, however, the labeling of interactive maps is further complicated by the use of massive datasets laid out in arbitrary configurations, thus rendering reliance on a pre-processing phase untenable. This paper offers a method for labeling point-features on dynamic maps in real time without pre-processing. The algorithm presented is efficient, scalable, and exceptionally fast; it can label interactive charts and diagrams at speeds of multiple frames per second on maps with tens of thousands of nodes. To accomplish this, the algorithm employs a novel geometric de-confliction approach, the 'trellis strategy,' along with a unique label candidate cost analysis to determine the 'least expensive' label configuration. The speed and scalability of this approach make it well-suited for visual analytic applications.