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Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
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Space/time trade-offs in hash coding with allowable errors
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ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
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CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Impact of Network Density on Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
ICDCS '02 Proceedings of the 22 nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'02)
A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
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Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
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LEAP: efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks
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SIA: secure information aggregation in sensor networks
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Resilient aggregation in sensor networks
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TinySec: a link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Synopsis diffusion for robust aggregation in sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Detection of Denial-of-Message Attacks on Sensor Network Broadcasts
SP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
TAG: a Tiny AGgregation service for Ad-Hoc sensor networks
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
E.cient Aggregation of encrypted data in Wireless Sensor Networks
MOBIQUITOUS '05 Proceedings of the The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Attack-resilient hierarchical data aggregation in sensor networks
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Secure hierarchical in-network aggregation in sensor networks
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SIA: Secure information aggregation in sensor networks
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Authenticated data compression in delay tolerant wireless sensor networks
INSS'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Networked sensing systems
Integrity protecting hierarchical concealed data aggregation for wireless sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Hop-by-hop data aggregation is a very important technique for reducing the communication overhead and energy expenditure of sensor nodes during the process of data collection in a sensor network. However, because individual sensor readings are lost in the per-hop aggregation process, compromised nodes in the network may forge false values as the aggregation results of other nodes, tricking the base station into accepting spurious aggregation results. Here a fundamental challenge is how can the base station obtain a good approximation of the fusion result when a fraction of sensor nodes are compromised? To answer this challenge, we propose SDAP, a Secure Hop-by-hop Data Aggregation Protocol for sensor networks. SDAP is a general-purpose secure data aggregation protocol applicable to multiple aggregation functions. The design of SDAP is based on the principles of divide-and-conquer and commit-and-attest. First, SDAP uses a novel probabilistic grouping technique to dynamically partition the nodes in a tree topology into multiple logical groups (subtrees) of similar sizes. A commitment-based hop-by-hop aggregation is performed in each group to generate a group aggregate. The base station then identifies the suspicious groups based on the set of group aggregates. Finally, each group under suspect participates in an attestation process to prove the correctness of its group aggregate. The aggregate by the base station is calculated over all the group aggregates that are either normal or have passed the attestation procedure. Extensive analysis and simulations show that SDAP can achieve the level of efficiency close to an ordinary hop-by-hop aggregation protocol while providing high assurance on the trustworthiness of the aggregation result. Last, prototype implementation on top of TinyOS shows that our scheme is practical on current generation sensor nodes such as Mica2 motes.