Emoticons and Online Message Interpretation

Authors:
Daantje Derks;Arjan E. R. Bos;Jasper Von Grumbkow
Affiliations:
Open University of the Netherlands;Erasmus University Rotterdam;Open University of the Netherlands
Venue:
Social Science Computer Review
Year:
2008

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Abstract

The present study experimentally examines the impact of emoticons on message interpretation among secondary school students (N = 105). Furthermore, perceived motives for emoticon use are examined. Results show that emoticons do have an impact on message interpretation. Emoticons are useful in strengthening the intensity of a verbal message. Furthermore, it is possible to create ambiguity and express sarcasm online by varying the valence of the emoticon and the valence of the message. Overall, the authors conclude that to a large extent, emoticons serve the same functions as actual nonverbal behavior.