Evolutionary algorithms in theory and practice: evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, genetic algorithms
Understanding intelligence
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again
Artificial Life: A Report from the Frontier Where Computers Meet Biology
Artificial Life: A Report from the Frontier Where Computers Meet Biology
Matter and Consciousness
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience: Understanding the Mind by Simulating the Brain
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience: Understanding the Mind by Simulating the Brain
Artificial Intelligence
Neuromodulation and Plasticity in an autonomous robot
Neural Networks - Computational models of neuromodulation
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
How universal can an intelligence test be?
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
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Volition, although often poorly defined, is a concept of interest and utility to both philosophers and researchers in artificial intelligence. In this article, a definition of volition is proposed and a functionally defined, physically grounded ordinal scale and a procedure by which volition might be measured are put forward: a type of Turing test for volition, but motivated by an explicit analysis of the concept being tested and providing results that are graded, rather than Boolean, so that candidate systems may be ranked according to their degree of volitional endowment. It is proposed that volition is a functional, aggregate property of certain physical systems and it is defined as the capacity for adaptive decision-making. The scale, similar in scope to Daniel Dennett's Kinds of Minds scale, is then outlined, as well as a set of progressive “litmus tests” for determining where a candidate system falls on the scale. Such a formulation may be useful for understanding volition and assessing the progress made in engineering intelligent, autonomous artificial organisms.