Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
RoboCup: The Robot World Cup Initiative
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Text compression as a test for artificial intelligence
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Computational measures of information gain and reinforcement in inference processes
AI Communications - Special issue on AI research in the Benelux
Machine intelligence quotient: its measurements and applications
Fuzzy Sets and Systems - Special issue: Approximate Reasoning in Words
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
Minds and Machines
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Autopoiesis and cognition in the game of life
Artificial Life
Statistical and Inductive Inference by Minimum Message Length (Information Science and Statistics)
Statistical and Inductive Inference by Minimum Message Length (Information Science and Statistics)
Principles of Minimal Cognition: Casting Cognition as Sensorimotor Coordination
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
Universal Intelligence: A Definition of Machine Intelligence
Minds and Machines
Assessing Machine Volition: An Ordinal Scale for Rating Artificial and Natural Systems
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
A heuristic program to solve geometric-analogy problems
AFIPS '64 (Spring) Proceedings of the April 21-23, 1964, spring joint computer conference
Animals Versus Animats: Or Why Not Model the Real Iguana?
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
The 3rd international planning competition: results and analysis
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
A universal measure of intelligence for artificial agents
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Refining the cognitive decathlon
PerMIS '08 Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
Variations of the turing test in the age of internet and virtual reality
KI'09 Proceedings of the 32nd annual German conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Measuring universal intelligence: Towards an anytime intelligence test
Artificial Intelligence
Information dynamics of evolved agents
SAB'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Simulation of adaptive behavior: from animals to animats
Plants: Adaptive behavior, root-brains, and minimal cognition
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
Comparing humans and AI agents
AGI'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial general intelligence
Comparative Experimental Studies on Spatial Memory and Learning in Rats and Robots
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
On Potential Cognitive Abilities in the Machine Kingdom
Minds and Machines
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The notion of a universal intelligence test has been recently advocated as a means to assess humans, non-human animals and machines in an integrated, uniform way. While the main motivation has been the development of machine intelligence tests, the mere concept of a universal test has many implications in the way human intelligence tests are understood, and their relation to other tests in comparative psychology and animal cognition. From this diversity of subjects in the natural and artificial kingdoms, the very possibility of constructing a universal test is still controversial. In this paper we rephrase the question of whether universal intelligence tests are possible or not into the question of how universal intelligence tests can be, in terms of subjects, interfaces and resolutions. We discuss the feasibility and difficulty of universal tests depending on several levels according to what is taken for granted: the communication milieu, the resolution, the reward system or the agent itself. We argue that such tests must be highly adaptive, i.e. that tasks, resolution, rewards and communication have to be adapted according to how the evaluated agent is reacting and performing. Even so, the most general expression of a universal test may not be feasible (and, at best, might only be theoretically semi-computable). Nonetheless, in general, we can analyze the universality in terms of some traits that lead to several levels of universality and set the quest for universal tests as a progressive rather than absolute goal.