No IFs, ANDs, or ORs: a study of databases querying
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
A graphical filter/flow representation of Boolean queries: a prototype implementation and evaluation
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Infocrystal: a visual tool for information retrieval
Infocrystal: a visual tool for information retrieval
Graphical query specification and dynamic result previews for a digital library
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Human Factors Studies of Database Query Languages: A Survey and Assessment
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Journal of Mathematical Psychology
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
KMVQL: a Graphical User Interface for Boolean Query Specification and Query Result Visualization
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Visually defining and querying consistent multi-granular clinical temporal abstractions
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
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Data selection is an integral part of information visualization. It almost universally incorporates Boolean logic in some way, despite the known difficulties of Boolean concepts for users. As a result many different visual interfaces have been proposed for specifying or displaying Boolean queries. In general they are tested experimentally, and though the results are usually promising, they normally show only that one interface is better or worse than another, but not why this is so. This paper describes a new experimental methodology for evaluating query interfaces, which uses stimulus onset asynchrony to separate different aspects of query comprehension. We used it to evaluate a new visual query interface based on Karnaugh maps and discovered that there are two qualitatively different approaches to comprehension, deductive and inductive. The Karnaugh map representation scales extremely well with query complexity, and the experiments show that its good scaling properties occur because it strongly facilitates inductive comprehension.