Behavior of clock-sampling mutual network synchronization in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly
Synchronization of switching multi-rate hierarchical master-slave networks
ICICS'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information, communications and signal processing
Improving CS-MNS through a bias factor: analysis, simulation and implementation
ADHOC-NOW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ad-hoc, mobile, and wireless networks
WASA'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Wireless algorithms, systems, and applications
Average time synchronization in wireless sensor networks by pairwise messages
Computer Communications
Timing synchronization method for device-to-device communication system
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Large-scale access scheduling in wireless mesh networks using social centrality
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Mitigating starvation in wireless ad hoc networks: multi-channel MAC and power control
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Clock synchronisation in WSN: simulation vs. implementation
International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems
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Existing mutual network synchronization methods, however, make use of physical (PHY) layers and medium access control (MAC) sub-layers that are either proprietary or not widely available. CS-MNS is able to achieve microsecond network-wide synchronization accuracy for single-hop or multiple-hop topologies, and mobile or static wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Different to existing mutual network synchronization approaches, the timing information is exchanged explicitly using periodic timestamp packets. These packets can be, for instance, the same beacons used in the IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15.4 standards, which makes CS-MNS the first mutual network synchronization method that is compatible to these popular standards. A CS-MNS node adjusts the frequency of its clock recursively in the time domain by multiplying the time of its clock by a factor that is updated with any newly received timestamp. Sufficient stability conditions are derived for CS-MNS under certain scenarios via the discrete Lyapunov direct method. Additionally, several of the possible beacon transmission approaches are analyzed. Finally, thorough numerical results are presented that demonstrate at least one and two orders of magnitude improvement in scalability and accuracy are presented. Comparisons with TSF, MATSF and ASP are presented.