Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks

Authors:
Injong Rhee;Ajit Warrier;Mahesh Aia;Jeongki Min;Mihail L. Sichitiu
Affiliations:
Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;TapRoot Systems, Inc., Morrisville, NC and North Carolina State University;Computer Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Venue:
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Year:
2008

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Abstract

This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a hybrid MAC protocol, called Z-MAC, for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses. Like CSMA, ZMAC achieves high channel utilization and low latency under low contention and like TDMA, achieves high channel utilization under high contention and reduces collision among two-hop neighbors at a low cost. A distinctive feature of Z-MAC is that its performance is robust to synchronization errors, slot assignment failures, and time-varying channel conditions; in the worst case, its performance always falls back to that of CSMA. Z-MAC is implemented in TinyOS.