A coding approach to event correlation
Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on Integrated network management IV
Handbook of Natural Language Processing
Handbook of Natural Language Processing
Using Extended Logic Programming for Alarm-Correlation in Cellular Phone Networks
Applied Intelligence
CCFinder: a multilinguistic token-based code clone detection system for large scale source code
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Preprocessor Algorithm for Network Management Codebook
Proceedings of the Workshop on Intrusion Detection and Network Monitoring
Improving the accuracy of diagnostics provided by fault dictionaries
VTS '96 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium
Evaluation Experiments on the Detection of Programming Patterns Using Software Metrics
WCRE '97 Proceedings of the Fourth Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE '97)
Clone Detection Using Abstract Syntax Trees
ICSM '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance
A Language Independent Approach for Detecting Duplicated Code
ICSM '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
Comprehending Reality " Practical Barriers to Industrial Adoption of Software Maintenance Automation
IWPC '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension
Automated System Monitoring and Notification With Swatch
LISA '93 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on System administration
Improved Tool Support for the Investigation of Duplication in Software
ICSM '05 Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
Towards informatic analysis of syslogs
CLUSTER '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing
What Supercomputers Say: A Study of Five System Logs
DSN '07 Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
Analysis of the Linux Kernel Evolution Using Code Clone Coverage
MSR '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories
A Framework for Studying Clones In Large Software Systems
SCAM '07 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation
A Framework for Studying Clones In Large Software Systems
SCAM '07 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation
A bibliographical study of grammatical inference
Pattern Recognition
High speed and robust event correlation
IEEE Communications Magazine
Automated analysis of load testing results
Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on Software testing and analysis
A graphical representation for identifier structure in logs
SLAML'10 Proceedings of the 2010 workshop on Managing systems via log analysis and machine learning techniques
Bridging the divide between software developers and operators using logs
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Assisting developers of big data analytics applications when deploying on hadoop clouds
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
CAPRI: a tool for mining complex line patterns in large log data
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Big Data, Streams and Heterogeneous Source Mining: Algorithms, Systems, Programming Models and Applications
Continuous validation of load test suites
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/SPEC international conference on Performance engineering
Structured and Interoperable Logging for the Cloud Computing Era: The Pitfalls and Benefits
UCC '13 Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM 6th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
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Execution logs are generated by output statements that developers insert into the source code. Execution logs are widely available and are helpful in monitoring, remote issue resolution, and system understanding of complex enterprise applications. There are many proposals for standardized log formats such as the W3C and SNMP formats. However, most applications use ad hoc non-standardized logging formats. Automated analysis of such logs is complex due to the loosely defined structure and a large non-fixed vocabulary of words. The large volume of logs, produced by enterprise applications, limits the usefulness of manual analysis techniques. Automated techniques are needed to uncover the structure of execution logs. Using the uncovered structure, sophisticated analysis of logs can be performed. In this paper, we propose a log abstraction technique that recognizes the internal structure of each log line. Using the recovered structure, log lines can be easily summarized and categorized to help comprehend and investigate the complex behavior of large software applications. Our proposed approach handles free-form log lines with minimal requirements on the format of a log line. Through a case study using log files from four enterprise applications, we demonstrate that our approach abstracts log files of different complexities with high precision and recall. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.