The society of mind
Affective computing: challenges
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Glances, glares, and glowering: how should a virtual human express emotion through gaze?
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Synthesizing mood-affected signed messages: Modifications to the parametric synthesis
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Synthetically generated 3D humans often fail to express a full range of emotions or present different levels of the same type of emotion. Transcending the facial expression, what should a happy synthetically generated human look like? What about a slightly happy or ecstatically happy? This paper reports a study aimed at identifying the appropriate bodily expressions for various emotions in 3D human-like figures at varying emotional strength. Thirty-six volunteers were asked to discriminate and categorize thirty cards with static poses of 3D human-like characters into the Ekman's six basic categories of emotions. This is to judge the compatibility of each posture in relation to each category and to rate their level of emotion within the group.