Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria

  • Authors:

  • Frank Biocca;Chad Harms;Judee K. Burgoon

  • Affiliations:

  • Media Interface & Network Design, (MIND) Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI;Iowa State University, Ames, IA;Media interface & Network Design (MIND) Lab, Human Communication Research Center for the Management of Information, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

  • Venue:
  • Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
  • Year:
  • 2003

Quantified Score

Hi-index 0.00

Visualization

Abstract

At a time of increased social usage of net and collaborative applications, a robust and detailed theory of social presence could contribute to our understanding of social behavior in mediated environments, allow researchers to predict and measure differences among media interfaces, and guide the design of new social environments and interfaces. A broader theory of social presence can guide more valid and reliable measures. The article reviews, classifies, and critiques existing theories and measures of social presence. A set of criteria and scope conditions is proposed to help remedy limitations in past theories and measures and to provide a contribution to a more robust theory and measure of social presence.