Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Spatial Presence and Emotions during Video Game Playing: Does It Matter with Whom You Play?
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals
Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
People, places, and play: player experience in a socio-spatial context
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Shared Fun Is Doubled Fun: Player Enjoyment as a Function of Social Setting
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fun and Games
Social Interaction in Games: Measuring Physiological Linkage and Social Presence
Simulation and Gaming
Emotion Assessment From Physiological Signals for Adaptation of Game Difficulty
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Physiological Linkage of Dyadic Gaming Experience
Simulation and Gaming
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We report the results of an empirical study demonstrating the value of using physiological compliance as a measure of social presence during digital game playing. The physiological activity (facial EMG, electrodermal activity, cardiac activity and respiration) of 21 dyads were acquired synchronously while they were playing a digital game either cooperatively or competitively and either at home or in the laboratory. Physiological compliance was defined as the correlation between the physiological signals of the dyad members. The results of this study confirm that physiological compliance is higher in a conflicting situation than when playing cooperatively. Importantly, the results also demonstrate that physiological compliance is related to self-reported social presence. This suggests that physiological compliance is not limited to negative situations but rather increases due to rich interactions. Only minor differences in physiological compliance were observed between home play and laboratory play, suggesting the ecological validity of laboratory measures. Finally, we propose that compliance measures can be considered as objective indices of social presence in digital gaming.