Spectral analysis of sinus arrhythmia: a measure of mental effort
Human Factors - Cognitive psychophysiology
Heart rate variability: indicator of user state as an aid to human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward Machine Emotional Intelligence: Analysis of Affective Physiological State
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Emotion & design: attractive things work better
interactions
Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in Engineering
Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in Engineering
The human-computer interaction handbook
Physiological responses to different WEB page designs
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in human—Computer interaction
Using heuristics to evaluate the playability of games
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using mental load for managing interruptions in physiologically attentive user interfaces
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Physiological indicators for the evaluation of co-located collaborative play
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Person-independent estimation of emotional experiences from facial expressions
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
GameFlow: a model for evaluating player enjoyment in games
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
A continuous and objective evaluation of emotional experience with interactive play environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modeling user emotion in interactive play environments: a fuzzy physiological approach
Modeling user emotion in interactive play environments: a fuzzy physiological approach
IEEE Spectrum
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Entertainment modeling through physiology in physical play
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Avatars in social media: Balancing accuracy, playfulness and embodied messages
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Boredom, engagement and anxiety as indicators for adaptation to difficulty in games
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Entertainment and media in the ubiquitous era
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Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Creating an Emotionally Adaptive Game
ICEC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Entertainment Computing
Challenges in the Development and Evaluation of Immersive Digital Educational Games
USAB '08 Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society on HCI and Usability for Education and Work
Fundamentals of physiological computing
Interacting with Computers
Power to the people: Leveraging human physiological traits to control microprocessor frequency
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Experiencing the Affective Diary
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Short-term emotion assessment in a recall paradigm
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Evaluation of live human-computer music-making: Quantitative and qualitative approaches
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Evaluating emotional algorithms using psychological scales
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Affective-Aware Virtual Agents and Social Robots
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Modeling player experience in super mario bros
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The effects of virtual characters on audiences' movie experience
Interacting with Computers
Skinput: appropriating the body as an input surface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games
Editorial: Modelling user experience - An agenda for research and practice
Interacting with Computers
Towards affective camera control in games
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A mixture of fuzzy filters applied to the analysis of heartbeat intervals
Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making
Chances of increasing youth health awareness through mobile wellness applications
USAB'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on HCI in work and learning, life and leisure: workgroup human-computer interaction and usability engineering
Skinput: appropriating the skin as an interactive canvas
Communications of the ACM
Biofeedback game design: using direct and indirect physiological control to enhance game interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Identifying emotional states using keystroke dynamics
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Love, hate, arousal and engagement: exploring audience responses to performing arts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Affective gaming: a GSR based approach
Proceedings of the 15th WSEAS international conference on Computers
Generic physiological features as predictors of player experience
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
Mining multimodal sequential patterns: a case study on affect detection
ICMI '11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS) - Special section on formal methods in pervasive computing, pervasive adaptation, and self-adaptive systems: Models and algorithms
Biometric storyboards: visualising game user research data
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards human operator "state" assessment
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
Affect prediction from physiological measures via visual stimuli
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Biometrics to improve methodologies on understanding player's gameplay experience
BCS-HCI '11 Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Social Interaction in Games: Measuring Physiological Linkage and Social Presence
Simulation and Gaming
Physiological compliance for social gaming analysis: Cooperative versus competitive play
Interacting with Computers
Cardiovascular physiology predicts learning effects in a serious game activity
Computers & Education
ICONIP'12 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part I
Subject-dependent biosignal features for increased accuracy in psychological stress detection
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Unconscious emotions: quantifying and logging something we are not aware of
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
How does it play better?: exploring user testing and biometric storyboards in games user research
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The physiological measurements as a critical indicator in users' experience evaluation
Proceedings of the 17th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics
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Proceedings of the 11th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games
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UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: design methods, tools, and interaction techniques for eInclusion - Volume Part I
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Affective and cognitive design for mass personalization: status and prospect
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
Pair-Wise Preference Comparisons Using Alpha-Peak Frequencies
Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science
Experience Assessment and Design in the Analysis of Gameplay
Simulation and Gaming
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The popularity of computer games has exploded in recent years, yet methods of evaluating user emotional state during play experiences lag far behind. There are few methods of assessing emotional state, and even fewer methods of quantifying emotion during play. This paper presents a novel method for continuously modeling emotion using physiological data. A fuzzy logic model transformed four physiological signals into arousal and valence. A second fuzzy logic model transformed arousal and valence into five emotional states relevant to computer game play: boredom, challenge, excitement, frustration, and fun. Modeled emotions compared favorably with a manual approach, and the means were also evaluated with subjective self-reports, exhibiting the same trends as reported emotions for fun, boredom, and excitement. This approach provides a method for quantifying emotional states continuously during a play experience.