Place presence, social presence, co-presence, and satisfaction in virtual worlds

Authors:
Saniye Tugba Bulu
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey and Modeling and Simulation Research and Development Center (MODSIMMER), Middl ...
Venue:
Computers & Education
Year:
2012

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Abstract

This study investigated the relationship among three types of presences, including place presence, social presence, and co-presence in virtual worlds and their relationship with satisfaction and immersive tendencies of students. Students' scores on a subjective questionnaire were analyzed. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship among the place presence, social presence, and co-presence. While social presence seemed to affect the satisfaction most, place and co-presence also affected students' satisfaction in the virtual world. Moreover, immersive tendencies of the students were related to their place and co-presence but not to their social presence. Findings highlighted the important issues for the design of virtual world environments to increase presence and satisfaction of students.