Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating image filtering based techniques in media space applications
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The effects of filtered video on awareness and privacy
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Performative facial expressions in animated faces
Embodied conversational agents
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone's Impact on Society
The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone's Impact on Society
Computer
Social Serendipity: Mobilizing Social Software
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The impact of digital iconic realism on anonymous interactants' mobile phone communication
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
HICSS '08 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
The effect of affective iconic realism on anonymous interactants' self-disclosure
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effect of avatar realism of virtual humans on self-disclosure in anonymous social interactions
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Does it matter if a computer jokes
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of avatar realism and anonymity on effective communication via mobile devices
Computers in Human Behavior
Users' socially desirable responding with computer interviewers
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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In this paper, we describe research exploring the effect of behavioral and visual realism of avatars on users' social copresence in emotionally engaged conversations conducted via a simulated mobile video telephone. We offer an elaborated definition of Social Copresence to better measure users' engagement with conversational partners in social interactions that do not involve specific tasks or concrete outcomes. We investigate ways to secure mobile telephone users' anonymity while preserving their most important nonverbal affective behaviors. Experimental results with 180 participants using different combinations of static and dynamic, high and low iconic (both video and graphically animated) avatars show increased Social Copresence with dynamic high-iconic (similar to the human communicator) avatars incorporating correct facial expressions, even when these are presented on the small screen of mobile telephones in such a way that individual identities are masked. The results point to an economical combination of behavioral and iconic realism of avatars that produces maximum emotional engagement in anonymous social interactions using mobile video telephones.