The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment

Authors:
Maia Garau;Mel Slater;Vinoba Vinayagamoorthy;Andrea Brogni;Anthony Steed;M. Angela Sasse
Affiliations:
University College London, United Kingdom;University College London, United Kingdom;University College London, United Kingdom;University College London, United Kingdom;University College London, United Kingdom;University College London, United Kingdom
Venue:
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Year:
2003

Citing 14
Cited 56

Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: the design and implementation of the CAVE

SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments

CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Acting in virtual reality

Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Eye gaze patterns in conversations: there is more to conversational agents than meets the eyes

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The impact of eye gaze on communication using humanoid avatars

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Messages embedded in gaze of interface agents --- impression management with agent's gaze

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Meeting people vitually: experiments in shared virtual environments

The social life of avatars
Computer Graphics and Virtual Environments: From Realism to Real - Time

Computer Graphics and Virtual Environments: From Realism to Real - Time
Eyes alive

Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Small Group Behavior Experiments in the Coven Project

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An Overview of the COVEN Platform

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Remote conversations: the effects of mediating talk with technology

Human-Computer Interaction
Spelunking: experiences using the DIVE system on CAVE-like platforms

EGVE'01 Proceedings of the 7th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & 5th Immersive Projection Technology

The mechanics of trust: a framework for research and design

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Direction of attention perception for conversation initiation in virtual environments

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
A model of attention and interest using Gaze behavior

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Can a virtual cat persuade you?: the role of gender and realism in speaker persuasiveness

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The role of posture in the communication of affect in an immersive virtual environment

Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
The independent and interactive effects of embodied-agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Are two heads better than one?: object-focused work in physical and in virtual environments

Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Real faces and robot faces: The effects of representation on computer-mediated communication

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A longitudinal study of task performance, head movements, subjective report, simulator sickness, and transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: 2004 workshop on VR design and evaluation
The impact of digital iconic realism on anonymous interactants' mobile phone communication

CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Transformed Social Interaction: Decoupling Representation from Behavior and Form in Collaborative Virtual Environments

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
An assessment of eye-gaze potential within immersive virtual environments

ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Social copresence in anonymous social interactions using a mobile video telephone

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A review of telecollaboration technologies with respect to closely coupled collaboration

International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Choose your "buddy icon" carefully: The influence of avatar androgyny, anthropomorphism and credibility in online interactions

Computers in Human Behavior
Effects of avatar's blinking animation on person impressions

GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Eye-tracking for avatar eye-gaze and interactional analysis in immersive collaborative virtual environments

Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Me, myself and I: The role of interactional context on self-presentation through avatars

Computers in Human Behavior
E-Drama: Facilitating Online Role-play using an AI Actor and Emotionally Expressive Characters

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Can local avatars satisfy a global audience? A case study of high-fidelity 3D facial avatar animation in subject identification and emotion perception by US and international groups

Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts and Games (Part II)
Eye Tracking and Gaze Based Interaction within Immersive Virtual Environments

ICCS 2009 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Science
Evaluating Perception of Interaction Initiation in Virtual Environments using Humanoid Agents

Proceedings of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy
A saliency-based method of simulating visual attention in virtual scenes

Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Leveraging collaborative virtual environment technology for inter-population research on persuasion in a classroom setting

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The effect of facial animation on a dancing character

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Finding information and finding locations in a multimodal interface: a case study of an intelligent kiosk

IASTED-HCI '07 Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Human Computer Interaction
Lie tracking: social presence, truth and deception in avatar-mediated telecommunication

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
From annotated multimodal corpora to simulated human-like behaviors

ZiF'06 Proceedings of the Embodied communication in humans and machines, 2nd ZiF research group international conference on Modeling communication with robots and virtual humans
Comparing and evaluating real time character engines for virtual environments

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Real-time compositing framework for interactive stereo fMRI displays

ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Posters
Synthesizing expressions using facial feature point tracking: how emotion is conveyed

Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
Graphics for Serious Games: A head movement propensity model for animating gaze shifts and blinks of virtual characters

Computers and Graphics
The interactive effect of avatar visual fidelity and behavioral fidelity in the collaborative virtual reality environment on the perception of social interaction

ICCOM'06 Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Communications
Social evaluations of embodied agents and avatars

Computers in Human Behavior
Does "Virtually being there" help? comparing collaborative work between 3D and 2D conditions

CRIWG'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Collaboration and technology
How 3D interaction metaphors affect user experience in collaborative virtual environment

Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
Conversational gaze mechanisms for humanlike robots

ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Impact of similarity between avatar and their users on their perceived identifiability: Evidence from virtual teams in Second Life platform

Computers in Human Behavior
Eyecatch: simulating visuomotor coordination for object interception

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
TeleHuman: effects of 3d perspective on gaze and pose estimation with a life-size cylindrical telepresence pod

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two user studies on creation and evaluation of use scenarios for mixed reality communication

Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Age differences in the perception of social presence in the use of 3D virtual world for social interaction

Interacting with Computers
KinÊtre: animating the world with the human body

Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Deception in avatar-mediated virtual environment

Computers in Human Behavior
A second chance to make a first impression? how appearance and nonverbal behavior affect perceived warmth and competence of virtual agents over time

IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Effects of gesture-based avatar-mediated communication on brainstorming and negotiation tasks among younger users

Computers in Human Behavior
The impact of avatar realism and anonymity on effective communication via mobile devices

Computers in Human Behavior
Learning by teaching with virtual peers and the effects of technological design choices on learning

Computers & Education
Antecedents of Online Game Dependency: The Implications of Multimedia Realism and Uses and Gratifications Theory

Journal of Database Management
Getting Real About Virtual Worlds: A Review

International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking
Choosing Buddy Icons that look like me or represent my personality: Using Buddy Icons for social presence

Computers in Human Behavior
'It's Almost like Talking to a Person': Student Disclosure to Pedagogical Agents in Sensitive Settings

International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning
Let's keep in touch online: a Facebook aware virtual human interface

The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Interaction design for robotic avatars does avatar's aging cue affect the user's impressions of a robot?

UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: user and context diversity - Volume 2
Receptive to bad reception: Jerky motion can make persuasive messages more effective

Computers in Human Behavior
Evaluating Mobile Applications in Virtual Environments: A Survey

International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction

Quantified Score

Hi-index	0.01

Visualization

Abstract

This paper presents an experiment designed to investigate the impact of scommunication in an immersive virtual environment.Participants were paired by gender and were randomly assigned to a CAVE-like system or a head-mounted display. Both were represented by a humanoid avatar in the shared 3D environment. The visual appearance of the avatars was either basic and genderless (like a "match-stick" figure), or more photorealistic and gender-specific. Similarly, eye gaze behavior was either random or inferred from voice, to reflect different levels of behavioral realism.Our comparative analysis of 48 post-experiment questionnaires confirms earlier findings from non-immersive studies using semi-photorealistic avatars, where inferred gaze significantly outperformed random gaze. However responses to the lower-realism avatar are adversely affected by inferred gaze, revealing a significant interaction effect between appearance and behavior. We discuss the importance of aligning visual and behavioral realism for increased avatar effectiveness.