GAZE-2: conveying eye contact in group video conferencing using eye-controlled camera direction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Where to look: a study of human-robot engagement
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Multimodal transformed social interaction
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Direction of attention perception for conversation initiation in virtual environments
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Eye communication in a conversational 3D synthetic agent
AI Communications
Ubiquitous social perception abilities for interaction initiation in human-robot interaction
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
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We evaluated user perception of certain attention behaviours, eye head and body orientation in particular, of humanoid agents in a virtual environment for the purposes of interaction initiation. Users were shown a number of scenarios involving agents making gaze, gesture and locomotion behaviours and were asked to report their impressions of how attentive the agents were and their perceived likely-hood to engage in interaction. These evaluation studies are critical for furthering our understanding of the early phases of human-computer interaction where distance may be involved and there is uncertainty as to the intention of the other to interact. Amongst other results, we establish here that the human perception of interest, interaction seeking and openness from a humanoid agent is based, in part, on the time-varying behaviour of its eyes, head, body and locomotion directions. Application domains include social robotics and embodied conversational agents.