User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: review and suggested criteria
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Embodiment and copresence in collaborative interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
From brows to trust: evaluating embodied conversational agents
From brows to trust: evaluating embodied conversational agents
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Realism is not all! User engagement with task-related interface characters
Interacting with Computers
Virtual experiences, physical behaviors: The effect of presence on imitation of an eating avatar
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The effect of viewing a self-avatar on distance judgments in an hmd-based virtual environment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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A dichotomy exists in the way virtual embodiments are currently studied: embodied entities are considered by conversational approaches as other selves whereas avatar approaches study them as users' hosts. Virtual reality applications such as in our case study often propose a different, in between embodiment experience. In the context of a virtual house for sale visit, this paper aims at examining the user's self-reported embodiment perception resulting from such a hybrid experience. To induce variability in this embodiment experience, we manipulated avatar representations (high versus low anthropomorphism) and frame of reference (egocentric versus exocentric). Results show the importance of the entity humanness to foster both experiences. When controlled by humanness, having a conversational experience appears uncorrelated to an avatar experience. This highlights the need to study these hybrid experiences as a combination of both approaches.